Which factor is a major concern for the impact of urbanization on surface water?

The increase in impervious surfaces causing more runoff is a significant concern when considering the impact of urbanization on surface water. Urban environments often feature materials such as concrete and asphalt that do not allow water to infiltrate into the ground. This leads to a scenario where precipitation that would typically seep into the soil instead flows directly into storm drains and waterways.

As a result, the volume and speed of runoff increase, which can lead to several environmental issues. One major consequence is the flooding of urban areas and waterways, as the drainage systems may become overwhelmed. Furthermore, this runoff can carry pollutants, debris, and sediment directly into surface water bodies, degrading water quality and harming aquatic ecosystems. The increase in runoff also alters the natural hydrology of the area, which can affect local wildlife and vegetation.

In essence, the transformation of land through urbanization significantly alters the dynamics of surface water management, making the increase in impervious surfaces a key factor of concern.