What is one consequence of hurricanes on surface water?

Hurricanes have a profound impact on surface water due to their intense rainfall and strong winds. One of the primary consequences of hurricanes is the increased runoff resulting from heavy precipitation. This rapid influx of water can overwhelm drainage systems and lead to flooding. As the water flows over land, it picks up sediments, debris, and pollutants like fertilizers, chemicals, and waste products, which can significantly contaminate nearby rivers, lakes, and other bodies of water.

Moreover, the force of the winds and the turbulent conditions created by hurricanes can cause erosion along shorelines and riverbanks, further contributing to the transportation of sediments and pollutants into surface water. This combination of increased runoff, erosion, and pollution can drastically impact the water quality and ecosystem health in affected areas, often leading to long-term ecological consequences.

The other options do not accurately reflect the nature of hurricanes and their effects on surface water. For instance, while hurricanes can cause temperature changes, their most prevalent effect is associated with the increase in runoff and the pollution that accompanies it. Overall, option B encapsulates the broad and detrimental impact hurricanes can have on surface water systems.