Identify one method for treating surface water to ensure it is safe for drinking.

Filtration followed by disinfection is a widely recognized method for treating surface water to ensure its safety for drinking. Filtration serves a crucial role by removing particulate matter, including sediments, pathogens, and other contaminants that can be harmful to health. After the filtration process, disinfection methods—such as chlorination, UV treatment, or ozonation—are employed to eliminate or inactivate any remaining microorganisms in the water. This two-step approach not only improves the clarity and taste of the water but also significantly reduces the risk of waterborne diseases, making it safe for consumption.

In contrast, while boiling followed by cooling can effectively kill harmful microorganisms, it may not remove chemical contaminants or sediments. Simply allowing water to stand does not guarantee the removal of pathogens and might even allow harmful organisms to thrive. Lastly, adding natural minerals may enhance the taste or nutritional value of water but does not address potential contaminants that could be present, thus failing to ensure its safety for drinking.