How can climate change affect surface water resources?

Climate change significantly impacts surface water resources, primarily by altering precipitation patterns and increasing the frequency and intensity of flooding events. As global temperatures rise, the atmosphere can hold more moisture, leading to changes in how and when rain falls. Some regions may experience heavier rainfall in shorter bursts, which can overwhelm surface water systems and result in flooding. Additionally, changes in the distribution and timing of precipitation can affect water levels in rivers, lakes, and reservoirs, complicating water management strategies.

This alteration in precipitation patterns can also lead to droughts in other areas, creating a cycle of extremes that challenges water supply stability. By affecting the natural hydrological cycle, climate change introduces unpredictability, which can significantly impact agriculture, ecosystems, and human water consumption.

While other potential consequences of climate change might suggest changes in water availability or management needs, the specific effect of increased flooding and altered precipitation is particularly critical for understanding the broader implications for surface water resources.